Vertical and Horizontal Mergers in Apparel Industry Essay

Vertical and Horizontal Mergers in Apparel Industry - Essay Example The article Vertical and Horizontal Mergers in Apparel Industry discusses the vertical and even mergers in the clothing business. A merger is an organization that is shaped when at least two organizations meet up to frame a solitary organization. These organizations might be managing the equivalent or various lines of items however with a typical completed product.If they bargain in a comparable line of item, a flat merger is shaped. On the off chance that they bargain in an alternate line of items yet with a typical completed item, a vertical merger is framed. In the outlines underneath, the paper will concentrate on vertical merger and a level merger in the clothing business. In any case a vertical merger, an examination of study two apparel ventures will be finished. That is the VF Corporation and the Timberland Company. The VF Corporation is an American attire industry that bargains in work wear, jeanswear, clothing, and daypacks. Then again, the Timberland Company is similarly a n American retailer and distributer of outside wear, yet with an attention on footwear. As it very well may be seen, the two organizations manage various lines of item, yet with a typical completed result of outside wear. In June 2011, the VF Corporation obtained the Timberland Company subsequently shaping a vertical merger. The essential goal of this merger was to make the creation procedure and the dissemination procedure progressively productive and financially savvy. In the understanding, VF was certain of propping Timberland up by adding Timberland’s solid brands to its brands.

How to Translate the French Expression De Rien

Step by step instructions to Translate the French Expression 'De Rien' The French phraseâ de rienâ (pronounced deu-r yeh) is one that numerous studentsâ learn to interpret as youre welcome. Yet, this typical statement of kindness really implies something somewhat unique. Its not considered inappropriate or rude to useâ de rienâ when somebody expresses gratitude toward you, however there are different words that might be progressively proper. Utilization The nearest English proportional to de rien is its nothing, which isn't the most pleasant approach to recognize appreciation. De rien isnt wrong, precisely, yet its not as amiable as what local French speakers regularly state: je vous en prie you are welcome (actually, I ask of you)je ten prie youre welcome (to a friend)cest moi qui vous remercie (or just cest moi) no, thank you (truly, it is I who thanks you)merci vous/toi thank you (truly, (my) gratitude to you)pas de quoi, il ny a pas de quoi (casual) dont notice it (truly, no need, theres is no need)avec plaisir (South of France) my pleasure (truly, with joy) Model Merci, jai beaucoup aimã © ce livre. Much obliged to you, I truly loved this book​ De rien!â Youre welcome!

Manage Multiple Marketing Clients In One Platform With CoSchedule

Deal with Multiple Marketing Clients In One Platform With Dealing with a hundred diverse clients†¦ With a million distinctive platforms†¦ is NO cakewalk. You’re continually hopping from apparatus to tool†¦ †¦attempting to monitor a thousand moving parts AND each related deadline†¦ you’re running from customer to client†¦ (with new tasks to add to your outstanding burden after each visit) what's more, it’s enough to cause you to feel like your head is turning. *sigh* However, consider the possibility that there was a way you could deal with every one of your customers in ONE spot. Where you could incorporate all your promoting platforms†¦ effectively deal with your work processes + track deadlines†¦ What's more, have some kick butt investigation to show your customers how *amazing* you are. Unrealistic? Reconsider :) The most effective method to Manage All Your Clients On ONE Platform, Increase Productivity, And Get Crazy OrganizedIntroducing For Agencies! Otherwise known as your one quit advertising shop to keep your rational soundness flawless and keep your organization workin’ like a very much oiled promoting machine. With for Agencies, you can: Deal with every one of your customers in ONE spot. Take out the requirement for spreadsheets, email strings, and various stages! Get every one of your customers under one rooftop. Make it simple for you, your customers, AND your group to team up, oversee ventures, and getâ sh*tâ done. Rearrange your team’s work processes and coordinated effort. With custom mixes, colleague endorsements, and smoothed out correspondence, you can without much of a stretch encourage constant joint effort with your customers, remain on target with venture undertakings, and execute on ventures quicker. Modify to meet your requirements. is intended for adaptability. Furthermore, as your customer base develops, so should your schedule. With three levels of multi-schedule plans, makes it simple to scale your arrangement to accommodate your client’s one of a kind needs! Improve customer maintenance with information driven outcomes. Not any more warm fuzzies! Demonstrate the estimation of all your difficult work with genuine information. Use ’s most developed investigation to quantify your prosperity and improve customer retention†¦.(without all the repetitive information assortment). Which implies you can prevent hopping from screen to screen, manageâ all your customers on ONE platform,â and get your organization too sorted out simultaneously. Let’s bounce into the deets!

AP Calculus Review Newton’s Method

Often when we are trying to find the roots of a function, the algebraic methods we learned in earlier math classes are either tedious or impossible. Newtons Method allows us to overcome this. Imagine trying to find the roots of f(x) = x4 3x2 + 2x 1. We know that the equation has either 0, 2, or 4 real roots, although just looking at it, this would not be obvious. The graph shows us that the equation indeed has 2 roots, but we are still not sure what these roots are (although our graphing calculator can solve this for us; see our post on Calculator Strategies for the AP Calculus Exam  for more). Newton’s Method is an iterative method to find approximate roots of equations. Newton’s Method usually does not give the exact answer, but will allow us to find very exact approximations. The fist requirement for Newton’s Method is that we know the derivative of the function. Let’s walk through an example to show where Newton’s Method comes from. First step: Take a random guess as to what the root might be. Let us choose x = 2 for this first guess. Well call this x0. Depending on our initial guess, our method might find the first or the second root. Second step:  Find the equation of a line tangent to the curve at the point x0. Notice our tangent line has its own root  close to the root of our original equation. It is easy to find the root of a linear function. If we take the root of y = 22x-37, we get 37/22, which is about 1.682. This isn’t a perfect approximation, but it’s close. If we were to repeat this entire method, using x = 1.682 instead of x =2, we would get an even closer approximation. Now there is a quick formula that you can derive that gives us our sequence of increasingly accurate approximations. Plugging in x0 = 2, we get x1 = 1.682, exactly what we found above. If we do this a few times, we see that we get increasingly close to our root: x0 = 1.682 x1 = 1.51 x2 = 1.454 x3 = 1.448 Each step brings us closer and closer to the root. We’ll never get perfectly there in this example, but within 4 steps, we’ve within .001. A few more steps, and we’d be within millionths of the correct answer. Newton’s Method is an extremely efficient way of finding approximate roots to equations. It works even if the equation is incredibly complicated or would be impossible or difficult to algebraically find exact roots. It rarely gets an exact correct answer, but allows us to get very close. Numerical methods, such as Newton’s Method, for finding roots are the way many computer programs (including many graphing calculators) find answers to equations. The requirement for Newton’s Method is that you know the derivative of the function. Now let’s practice: Take f(x) = x2 9. You know the answer to this equation is +/- 3. Try Newton’s Method with this equation to see how many iterations it takes to get within a few thousands of the correct answer.

Dolphin Safe Tuna

Environmental and animal welfare groups promote dolphin-safe tuna, but the dolphin-safe label is in danger of being weakened in the U.S. and some animal protection groups do not support dolphin-safe tuna. Do Some Cans of Tuna Contain Dolphin Meat? No, cans of tuna do not contain dolphin meat. While dolphins are sometimes killed in tuna fishing (see below), the dolphins do not end up in the cans with the tuna. How are Dolphins Harmed in Tuna Fishing? Two types of tuna fishing are notorious for killing dolphins: Purse seine nets and driftnets. Purse seine nets: Dolphins and yellowfin tuna often swim together in large schools, and because dolphins are more visible and closer to the surface than tuna, the fishing boats will look for dolphins to find the tuna. The boats will then set a purse seine net in a circle around both species and capture dolphins along with the tuna. Purse seine nets are giant nets, typically 1,500 - 2,500 meters long and 150-250 meters deep, with a drawstring at the bottom and floats at the top. Some nets are equipped with fish aggregating devices that attract fish and help prevent the fish from escaping before the net can be closed. In addition to dolphins, the animals who are caught unintentionally - the incidental catch, can include sea turtles, sharks, and other fish. The crew is ususally able to release sea turtles back to the ocean unharmed, but the fish usually die. The problem with dolphins being killed in purse seine nets occurs mainly in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration estimates that between 1959 and 1976, over 6 million dolphins were killed in purse seine nets in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Driftnets: EarthTrust, an environmental NGO, calls driftnets the most destructive fishing technology ever devised by humankind. Driftnets are giant nylon nets that drift behind a boat. The nets have floats on top and may or may not have weights on the bottom, to keep the net hanging vertically in the water. Driftnets come in a variety of mesh sizes, depending on the target species, but they are a wall of death, killing everyone who gets caught in them. The United Nations banned driftnets over 2.5 kilometers long in 1991. Previously, driftnets up to 60 km long were in use and legal. According to EarthTrust, before the ban, driftnets killed over a hundred thousand dolphins and small cetaceans every year, along with millions of seabirds, tens of thousands of seals, thousands of sea turtles and great whales, and untold numbers of non-target fish. Pirate fisheries still use giant, illegal driftnets and will sometimes cut the nets loose to avoid getting caught, leaving these walls of death to continue drifting and killing indiscriminately for centuries to come. Although dolphin deaths from both methods has been greatly reduced, a 2005 study titled, Non-recovery of two spotted and spinner dolphin populations in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean found that dolphin populations have been slow to recover. Can Tuna be Caught Without Harming Dolphins? Yes, a purse seine net can be made to release dolphins. After encircling both the tuna and dolphins, the boat can conduct a backdown operation in which a portion of the net is lowered enough for dolphins to escape. While this technique does save dolphins, it does not address other incidental catch issues, such as sharks and sea turtles. Another way to catch fish without harming dolphins is long line fishing. Long line fishing uses a fishing line that is typically 250-700 meters long, with several branches and hundreds or thousands of baited hooks. While longline fishing does not kill dolphins, the incidental catch includes sharks, sea turtles and seabirds like albatross. The Dolphin Protection Consumer Information Act In 1990, the U.S. Congress passed the Dolphin Protection Consumer Information Act, 16 U.S.C. 1385, which charges the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) with regulating dolphin-safe tuna claims. The dolphin-safe claim means that the tuna were not caught with drift nets, and that â€Å"no tuna were caught on the trip in which such tuna were harvested using a purse seine net intentionally deployed on or to encircle dolphins, and that no dolphins were killed or seriously injured in the sets in which the tuna were caught.† Not all tuna sold in the U.S. is dolphin-safe. To summarize: If the tuna were caught without driftnets and without chasing, encircling or killing dolphins, it can be sold in the US and is dolphin-safe.If the tuna were caught by chasing and encircling dolphins, but no dolphins were killed or seriously injured (and other requirements are met), the tuna can be sold in the U.S. but cannot be called dolphin-safe.If the tuna was caught by chasing and encircling dolphins, and dolphins were killed, it cannot be sold in the U.S. Of course, the above is a simplification of the law, which also requires tuna canners to file monthly reports and requires large tuna purse seine vessels must carry an observer. NOAA also conducts spot-checks to verify dolphin-safe claims. For more details on the NOAAs tuna tracking and verification program, click here. You can also read the full text of the Dolphin Protection Consumer Information Act here International Law International law also applies to the tuna/dolphin issue. In 1999, the United States signed the Agreement on the International Dolphin Conservation Program (AIDCP). The other signatories include Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, European Union, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Vanuatu, and Venezuela. The AIDCP seeks to eliminate dolphin mortality in tuna fishing. Congress then amended the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) to effct the AIDCP in the United States. The AIDCP definition of dolphin-safe allows dolphins to be chased and encircled with nets, as long as dolphins are not killed or seriously injured. This definition differs from the U.S. definition, which does not permit the chasing or encircling of dolphins under the dolphin-safe label. According to the AIDCP, 93% of the sets made by chasing dolphins resulted in no deaths or serious injuries to dolphins. Challeges to the Dolphin-Safe Label Despite the dolphin-safe label being voluntary, and the fact that a fishery need not attain the dolphin-safe label in order to export tuna to the U.S., Mexico has twice challenged the U.S. dolphin-safe label as an unfair restriction on trade. In May of 2012, the World Trade Organization found that the current U.S. dolphin-safe label is inconsistent with the United States obligations under the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade. In September, 2012, the U.S. and Mexico agreed that the U.S. would bring its dolphin-safe label in line with the WTOs recommendations and rulings by July of 2013.   To some, this is yet another example of how environmental and animal protection are sacrificed in the name of free trade. Todd Tucker, research director for Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch, states, â€Å"This latest ruling makes truth-in-labeling the latest casualty of so-called ‘trade’ pacts, which are more about pushing deregulation than actual trade . . . Members of Congress and the public will be very concerned that even voluntary standards can be deemed trade barriers.† Whats Wrong with Dolphin-Safe Tuna? The UK-based Ethical Consumer site calls the dolphin-safe label somewhat of a red herring for several reasons. First, the vast majority of canned tuna is skipjack tuna, not yellowfin tuna. Skipjack tuna do not swim with dolphins, so they are never caught using dolphins. Also, the site points out that, It has been estimated that saving one dolphin, by using (fish aggregating devices), costs 16,000 smaller or juvenile tuna, 380 mahimahi, 190 wahoo, 20 sharks and rays, 1200 triggerfish and other small fish, one marlin and ‘other’ animals. The very strong implication that dolphin-safe tuna is sustainable or more humane makes the label problematic. Some animal protection groups object to dolphin-safe tuna because of the impact on tuna. Tuna and other fish populations are threatened by overfishing and from an animal rights perspective, eating tuna hurts tuna. According to Sea Shepherd, bluefin tuna populations have fallen 85% since industrial fishing began, and current quotas are too high to be sustainable. Environmentalists and animal advocates were disappointed in 2010 when the parties to CITES refused to protect tuna. In September of 2012, conservation experts called for better protections for tuna. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, five of the worlds eight tuna species are threatened or nearly threatened. Amanda Nickson, Director of Global Tuna Conservation at the Pew Environment Group stated, There is sufficient science available to set precautionary limits . . . If we wait five, 10 years for the science to be perfect, in the case of some species we may not have anything left to manage. Aside from concerns about extinction and overfishing, fish are sentient beings. From an animal rights perspective, fish have a right to be free of human use and exploitation. Even if there were no danger of overfishing, each individual fish has certain inherent rights, just as dolphins, seabirds and sea turtles do. Buying dolphin-safe tuna recognizes the dolphins rights, but fails to recognize the tunas rights, which is why many animal protection groups do not support dolphin-safe tuna.

College Sports - Slavery and the NCAA Essay - 3438 Words

Abstract: Collegiate athletes participating in the two revenue sports (football, mens basketball) sacrifice their time, education, and risk physical harm for their respected programs. The players are controlled by a governing body (NCAA) that dictates when they can show up to work, and when they cannot show up for work. They are restricted from making any substantial financial gains outside of their sports arena. These athletes receive no compensation for their efforts, while others prosper from their abilities. The athletes participating in the two revenue sports of college athletics, football and mens basketball should be compensated for their time, dedication, and work put forth in their respected sports. They are†¦show more content†¦There is a reality to college athletes participating in mens basketball and football. The reality is these athletes are being exploited, and as argued by Stanley Eitzen, they are being exploited much like slaves during the years of the plantation system. It is an idea created by Eitzen that seams overdrawn, but makes significant parallels to that of the plantation system. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) preserves the plantation system, providing the rules that protect the interests of the individual plantation overseers. The plantations are football and mens basketball factories within the universities with big-time programs. The plantation overseers are college coaches who receive hard labor from their workers. The workers on the plantation are owned by the plantation, they produce riches for their masters while receiving a meager amount of return on the profits of the plantation. Being exploited for their physical abilities is not the only injustice hindering these athletes. They are controlled, managed, and dominated by their superiors. They are restricted in their rights to freedom, and in some cases mistreated physically and mentally (Eitzen). Many people who watch and are directly affiliated with college sports would be opposedShow MoreRelatedShould College Athletes Be Paid?1537 Words   |  7 PagesIn America sports wherever there is people, there will also be sports. Sports have played a major role in American history. To some people sports is all they have. It is just the way that things are. The issue in sports now is that the NCAA exploit the sports world and the very backbone of the corporation is the poorest. It is an issue that has been around for quite some time now. The issue is that the sports world face is the fact that college athletes are not paid, although they perform in a multibillionRead MoreShould College Athletes Shouldn t Be Paid? Essay980 Words   |  4 Pagesis the definition of slavery. Slavery was supposed to have been abolished over a 100 years ago, but would you be surprised if I told you that a form a slavery was still going on in 2015? Yes it is, in the form of the National Collegiate Athlet ic Association (NCAA). Around the country college athletes are generating billions of dollars for the NCAA without being paid a dime. This essay is intended for the people who believe college athletes shouldn’t be paid. As a former college athlete, someone whoRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Paid Essay1279 Words   |  6 PagesBlood, sweat, and tears college athletes shed day in and day out on the field, court, and track without any compensation for their hard work; even with the fact that college sports brings in a lot of revenue for universities. Also these athletes are not only athletes but students meaning they have to keep a certain grade point average to play. 1 College athletes deserve to be paid since they bring in the most money for universities, their hard work and having to balance being a student-athlete. Read MoreSummary Of Taylor Branch : The Shame Of College Sports Essay758 Words   |  4 PagesTaylor Branch: The Shame of College Sports In his article â€Å"The Shame of College Sports,† Taylor Branch (2011) describes how universities are focused on advancing and receiving money from major athletics and having star athletes, but how the universities are not caring for the â€Å"student athlete.† The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has made college sports into an unmerited business. However, as years progress more athletes are getting smart and are taking the NCAA to court. The more studentsRead MoreRacism And The Black Athlete Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesRacism is an evolving problem that we have face in our society for generations. This issue is evolving because it opens itself to all components of life. Sport is no stranger to involvement with racism, in fact it has been a platform which sparks change or intensifies the state of racism in society. Racism refers to the belief that all members of each race possess characteristics or abilities specific to that race, to distinguish i t as inferior or superior to another race or races (Oxford Dictionary)Read MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Banned1653 Words   |  7 PagesEvery year NCAA brings in approximately $6 billion from highly anticipated sports events, such as this month’s NCAA tournament â€Å"March Madness†, for example.1 While brackets will be broken, nets will be slashed, and the championship team will be crowned, ultimately the real winner from college events like these is the NCAA itself. While the relentless student-athletes train rigorously day and night to represent their schools, the athletes who participate do not see a single penny, even though theyRead MorePaychecks for Playmakers?998 Words   |  4 Pagesground for a mere four yard gain to regaining his feet and continuing his run for a total gain of thirty seven yards. (CHICAGOSUPERFAN). Such a display is rare and extremely difficult for even the best professional football running backs, yet alone a college player. This si ngle performance put Auburn into position as they would go on to kick the game winning field goal to win the BCS national championship and a plentiful share of all the ticket sales, advertisements revenue, and sponsorship dollars thatRead MoreThe Dilemma of Paying College Athletes1559 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿THE DILEMMA OF PAYING COLLEGE ATHLETES Introduction College sports support a multi-billion dollar industry in the United States, yet the principals whose performance on the field or in packed stadiums across the country are strictly amateurs who are forbidden to accept monetary compensation for their contributions, at least technically. Perhaps no better example exists of the tremendous importance of major college sports programs than the current controversy that recently came to light involvingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1469 Words   |  6 PagesCollege sports these days are a huge money pit. The National Collegiate Athletic Association, or NCAA, makes millions of dollars off of student athletes every year. Should the NCAA start sharing the profits with these student athletes, which every year help grow the NCAA brand? It’s an important question that seems to come up every day on television, the internet, and even in the newspaper. Student athletes are going to college on scholarships, which are sold to them by coaches, scouts, and otherRead MoreIt’s Time to Pay College Athletes Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesCollege athletes should be paid because of the huge amount of money being made off of the use of their athletic ability. The college basketball and football games that everyone watches on TV is no longer just a game, it is a business. The colleges and arenas hosting such events are not doing it solely for the love of sport, they are doing it for the money that will flow generously into their banking accounts. The coaches also, they are not volunteers, they are not there just for their love of the

Snowden and Ethics-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Questions: 1.Watch the above movie Snowden -2016 - Biography The NSA's illegal surveillance techniques are leaked to the public by one of the agency's employees, Edward Snowden, in the form of thousands of classified documents distributed to the press. Provide a brief summary of the relevant characters, and which ethical theory/ies you intend to use. 2.When you are faced with moral uncertainty such as Edward Snowden as seen in the above movie, what do you believe would be the best course of action in the face of moral responsibility? Discuss the above using the Utilitarianism, Universalism, Justice and Virtue Ethics. Answers: 1.The movie Snowden is based on the real life experience of Edward Snowden. It is the biographical spythriller film directed byOliver Stone. It is written by Oliver Stone and Kieran Fitzgerald. This film is a complete revelation of Snowdens life and his ethical concerns that eventually guided him to indulge in forgery with his own organization. The character of Edward Snowden is played by Joseph Gordon-Levitt. Laura Poitras is the documentarian and Glenn Greenwald is the journalist to whom Snowden smuggled the secret information regarding unlawful mass surveillance by the National Security Agency and decided to reveal. The character of Edward Snowden has been portrait as a mentally strong person with morality and love for his country. The movie ignites the audience to select a suitable adjective for the protagonist whether he is a traitor or patriot, spy or soldier, fugitive or hero. The movie starts with Snowdens background as a soldier of the US army. After he was injured and discharged from the special force, he applied for the position at the CIA or the Central Intelligence Agency. Here he underwent screening process and selected to work in the department of cyberwarfare. It discloses the fact that all his life he served his nation either as soldier or a hacker. In the movies Snowden met his girlfriend Lindsay Mills over a social networking site. They started to stay together but had a complete opposing political ideology. They had different ideologies regarding the social problems and ethical responses of the government but they had a strong feeling as well as understanding for each other. Mills found out that Snowden was a shy person so she wanted to bring him out of his shell. She clicked several pictures of Snowden which demonstrates her personality as an extrovert that complete contrasts the nature of Snowden. However, Lindsay Mills joined Snowden all his tours for example in 2007, she joined Snowden in his trip to Geneva to maintain computer network security. She joined Snowden in Tokyo trip in 2009. Snowden used to take her in business parties where they met a number of diplomats. Here Snowdens task was to find a banker for surveillance purpose. Lindsay Mills helped Snowden to meet a banker named Marwan Al-Kirmani. Despite joining Sno wden in every trip, Lindsay had no idea about her boyfriends plan that is to illegal disclosure of secret documents. Corbin OBrianwas the deputy director of CIA, the Central Intelligence Agency. He is a man with great experience and expertise. He interviewed Snowden but found his answer insufficient but realised the potential within Snowden. In the movie this character is shown to have different ideology which open up new aspect of threat. Corbin OBrianis critical about the political agendas of the USA therefore, analysed the concept of terrorism inversely. He believed in omnipresence of modern battlefield in society therefore, opined that the recurrent usage of bombs was irrational and irrelevant because modem wars are fought by brains not with weapons. To him, terrorism is a short term threat (Heyler et al. 2016). It needs physical handling. The government knows its source therefore they can trace and terminate such problems but real threats will be coming from intellectual level. Hank Forrester had a great influence on the mind of the protagonist (Cameron O'Leary, 2015). He was the engineer, counsellor and instructor. He is in charge of keeping eye on the works of the employees so that they dont start to take drugs to escape the stress of their jobs. Here, Snowden revealed that computers were his sin of choice on which Forrester welcomed Snowden in the organization terming it to be a whorehouse. Beside these major characters, the character of NSA Dep. Director Lowell, Laura Poitras, Ewen MacAskill, Glen Greenwald and Gabriel Sol are also important to understand the events demonstrated in the movie Snowden. Each of the characters has their own understanding and concept of secrecy in their minds. Some of the character assign with the utilitarian theory whereas the others believe in universalism (Cianci et al., 2014). Both of these theories explain the moral status of the characters. The philosophy of normative ethics discuss that morals are determined by actions. The concept of consequentialism evaluates the morality of actions by the consequences (Crane, Matten, 2016). Through this theory the individuals first think about the positive of negative consequences of their actions then they act. On the other hand, some people do not judge the consequence but focus on the general good (Denning, 2014). They act without thinking the rightness and wrongness of the action or the systems of rules. In the movie, one can find people following either of these approaches to support their perspectives. For instance, the employees or the mangers working in the National Security Agency assign with the theory that they are working for preventing terrorism by maintaining secrecy (Dane Sonenshein, 2015). The characters of CIA agents and Corbin O'Brian consider that secrecy is security and security is victory over the rivals. Based on this understanding they take measures to mitigate the real threats (Effelsberg, Solga Gurt, 2014). They identify the scopes from which the opponents can enter their security system then think about the consequences of their actions and finally react. The methods of surveillance that their organisation applies to prevent the threats, successfully illusions the employees by realising them that they are doing good (Feltham, 2017). The movie discusses many ethical dilemmas through the character of Snowden which made him to question the system as well as the involvement in surveillance program (Hopkins, 2017). He does not think that about the consequence but feels that his measures can save many lives. Therefore, he violets the security clearance to inform public about the unethical initiatives of the trusted security agency of the USA (Harrington, 2014). In the character of Snowden, the concept of legal amalgamates with ethical because to him, what the organization feels to be legal is not ethical. During his operation with the NSA Snowden becomes disillusioned that he was a part of this unethical process so takes the risk to escape by revealing the secrets. The movie ends with demonstrating that Snowden continues hisactivism. 2.Edward Snowden in 2013 came in spotlight when he was alleged to mass reveal of classified documents of the National Security Agency. These data indicated that the government of the USA conduct illegal mass civilian surveillance (Hutchings, Smith James, 2013). To discuss his life as well as action, through a particular perspective will not be correct. What he had done to the country and its people was analysed by numerous researchers and everyone found different perceptions to term him a traitor or a hero (Johnson, 2012). After leaving the military service due to injury, he started to work for the NSA near Tokyo as a contractor. Later, he was transferred to Hawaii and designated as the lead technologist. During this service in Hawaii, he was alleged to copy and smuggle near about 1.7 million sensitive and secret document from the NSAs data storage and handed them to journalists (Kalsi et al., 2015). However, he is termed to be a whistle blower by one set of critic, and traitor by a nother set. As mentioned before, there are numerous perceptions and theories regarding CSR or social corporate responsibility that analyses the issue of morality of the actions of the NSA. First of all, one must understand the sole purpose of the actions of the NSA because what Snowden did, chiefly oppose the morality of the NSAs mission. This particular organization deals with the methods as well as necessary tools utilised by the governmental entities to work and protect nation from the threat of terrorism. In doing this properly, the nature of security of this specific organization infringes the basic rights of the civilians (Kim, 2012). Therefore, question arises regarding the existence of state sponsored surveillance agency. According to the utilitarian philosophy, the state may go to the farthest extend for serving its greater number of people. Hence, for preventing terrorism issues and securing the citizens, the U.S governments surveillance would be completely warranted. According to this theory, the state does not need to hold any regard to consequences incurred to the decision maker but must notice how the decision will be affecting greater population. From this perspective, the NSA backed up by the USA government states clear but when it comes to the concept of moral value, then this leads to general unhappiness among the public as well as severe repercussions to the NSA. This event can be seen from the perspective of the accused himself. It can be clearly stated that the actions of Edward Snowden followed the concept derived from the utilitarian thinking where he did not consider the eventual consequences which will be incurred to himself. He wanted to safeguarded the interest of greater number of people. In case Snowden followed the path of sheer egoism, he would have remained silent about the unethical operation of the National Security Agency but he exposed everything for greater good (Blais White, 2015). However, the ultimate consequence of this event did not server any of the parties. The activities of the NSA came under strict scrutiny, Snowden was completed to go into hiding and the public become paranoiac and angry due to this revelation. Moral universalism or universal morality by Immanuel Kant is a duty based approach which centres round the concept of human autonomy. It chiefly focuses on the personal understanding matched along the framework of personal experience. According to this theory people tend to be self-conscious and perceive every situation from personal ideology (Broucek Turner, 2013). They are aware of the reasons behind their actions and prove themselves to be right. According to Kant ones moral philosophy must be based on their autonomy. Though this philosophy, people follow their personal principles or maxims in identifying the reason being their every actions. These often guide them to achieve personal goals (Lehnert, Park Singh, 2015). To the theorist, these maxims therefore must be set on the framework of ethics or supported by morality. This theory focuses purely on the intentions of the decision maker. Therefore, it makes the individual to be his own ethical agent and encourages to practice esteem for the people he meets or affects through his decisions. In addition to this, the reflective component in universalism theory, evokes a profound consideration aiming to the welfare of all parties involved in the actions. The critics of this theory questions the relevance of universalism theory in the lives of the people because it is impossible to bring diverse nations, people, cultures into one point. In the case of Snowden, it can be said that the decisions of Snowden to reveal all the secrets about the activities of the NSA perfectly matches the criteria of the Universalism theory by Kant (Leo et al., 2016). Here, Snowdens personal background and autonomy acted as catalyst in hi decision making procedure. He understood the concept of his organization and revealed alternate ways to correct the process. He was self-cons cious and aware of the consequences of all his actions. Treating humanity is the chief motto of this theory which can be seen in the confession of Snowden. As mentioned before, the ideology that Snowden conforms with, aims to serve greeter number of people so he never thought of his own interest but served his community (McQueen, 2015). As discussed before, the discussion over the case of Snowden, had ample political and legal orientation. The debate whether he is a traitor, or a whistle blower disclosed many scopes for further researching the importance of activities and process of the National Security Council. From the legal point of view, Snowden had done an illegal activity that led him to take espionage in the foreign country (Norris et al., 2017). However, Snowden had been accused for deception and information closure of highly sensitive documents of the NSA where used to work. From the legal point of view, he broke the law of the company as well as the contract. However, after the incident the government allowed him to attain a position of faith in the area of necessary interest to the national security. As Snowden have uncovered illegal and unconstitutional behaviour of his organization, cleared personnel were informed to analyse the concept of blowing whistle illegality or unethically and through other wro ngdoing. It was done through the company management, the agency that allows the clearance even involvement of the congress. Snowden said that he was motivated by self-interest than the concept of altruism, because he sensed that it would improve the societal wellbeing by ultimately dismantling the metadata collection programs of the NSA. To him, he felt the moral responsibilities to act where legal system or judgement no longer reflect the morality of the society it governs (Shafer, 2015). He was definite about the institutional failure in the government which ultimately allowed for the activities of the NSA in question to arise. The case of Snowden can be analysed from the ethical or moral grounds. Edward Snowden smuggled top secrets to the journalists so that the news can be reached to the public that the NSA is keeping surveillance in the personal information of public in the name of protection from terrorism. According to the ethical theorists, it is an obligation to the avoid public harm. It includes the invasion of confidentiality which ultimately leads to loss of trust on the government of the country. In addition to this, from ethical perspective it can be said that he must have felt the ethical responsibility to set right the detriment practiced by this organization and like the other members of the NSA, he also engaged in this practice of illegal surveillance. Due to the feeling of regression and remorse in one hand and moral responsibility on the other, that Snowden took such step. Despite the fact that the actions taken by Snowden was not very intelligent and the government did not accept the NSAs activities to be evil, Snowden was able to make people know the ethical breaches were taking place with them. To the researchers, as the public employee serves the public, he needs to protect their freedom, create scope for common good and work according to their interest. Therefore, what Snowden did in revealing the illegal surveillance by the NSA, was supported from the moral ground. The philosophical literature has raised more additional points which opposes the activity of Snowden and accuse him to play unethically to his own organization. According to this perspective, the employees are first accountable to their organizations and they must never act unethically such as revealing the secret data which they can access easily. However, this particular perspective views the event to be an example of civil disobedience. It is a method of political protest which is public, non-violent and conscientious act that aim to bring changes in the law and policies. Despite the fact that it has potential constraints, it is guided by the concept of moral right. Through this agenda people raise he issues which are vital but do not get proper or sufficient attention. According to virtue ethics theory, Snowden has used civil disobedience to create a will-formation for activating the deliberative inertia. This issue of civil disobedience if used with sound judgment, can help to s trengthen the institutions References: Blais, CM White, JL 2015. Bioethics in Practice-A Quarterly Column about Medical Ethics: Ebola and Medical Ethics-Ethical Challenges in the Management of Contagious Infectious Diseases.The Ochsner Journal,15(1), pp.5-7. Broucek, V Turner, P., 2013. Technical, legal and ethical dilemmas: distinguishing risks arising from malware and cyber-attack tools in the clouda forensic computing perspective. 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